当前位置：大众网首页 > 图书中心 > 考研专区 > 考研英语（二）真题超精读

考研英语（二）真题超精读

点击查看大图

所属类别：考研专区

书号：9787564077129

书名：考研英语（二）真题超精读

作者：陈正康

丛书名：

出版日期：2013年5月

规格：16开

市场价：46.8元

购买此书后可获得积分：0分

本书按照套题编排，全方位彻底细解2010--2013年考研英语（二）试题及2007—2009年MBA、MPA、MPAcc等专业学位入学考试英语试题，尤其逐词逐句解读占有总分值半壁江山的阅读理解文章，极其适合基础一般及薄弱者，是考研英语（二）真题的扛鼎之作。而且，本书还赠送试题册，方便考生实战自测。

阅读理解Part A

Text 1

In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”

　　Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.

　　In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra—their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.

　　Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, “ In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs—about 6 million in total —disappeared.”

　　There will always be changed—new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.

In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post-high school education.

21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate .

　 [A] the impact of technological advances

　 [B] the alleviation of job pressure

　 [C] the shrinkage of textile mills

　 [D] the decline of middle-class incomes

22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to .

　 [A] work on cheap software

　 [B] ask for a moderate salary

　 [C] adopt an average lifestyle

　 [D] contribute something unique

23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that .

　 [A] gains of technology have been erased

　 [B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed

　 [C] factories are making much less money than before

　 [D] new jobs and services have been offered

24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is .

　 [A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution

　 [B] to ensure more education for people

　 [C] to advance economic globalization

　 [D] to pass more bills in the 21st century

25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?

　 [A] New Law Takes Effect

　 [B] Technology Goes Cheap

　 [C] Average Is Over

[D] Recession Is Bad

【文章导读】

本文以一篇文章所述内容开头，引出技术进步使很多原来的普通人失去工作这一话题。若不想被技术进步淘汰，人们必须超越平常，为雇主做出特有贡献。

【文章超精读】

Paragraph one

①In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”

[必考词详解]

注意：加粗且加下划线的释义为文中所考释义

entitle [in'taitl] vt.取名；使有权利

relate [riˈleit] vt.使相关，联系；讲述

textile [ˈtekstail] n.纺织

automate [ˈɔ:təˌmeɪt] v.使自动化

feed [fi:d] vt.喂食，喂养；提供

[逐句超精讲]

[精讲]划线句子是主干，from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated是a joke的后置定语，该定语中包含how much引导的宾语从句。冒号后面的内容表示解释说明。

[译文]Adam Davidson在其题为“成功在美国”的文章中讲述了这样一个棉花生产国的笑话，是关于现代棉织厂高度自动化的：如今一般工厂只有两名员工，“一个人和一条狗，人的职责是喂狗，狗的职责是不让人靠近机器。”

Paragraph two

①Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.

[必考词详解]

stubborn [ˈstʌbən] a. 顽固的；难治愈的

decline [diˈklain] v /n. 下降；衰落

globalization [gləubəlai'zeiʃən] n. 全球化

revolution [ˌrevəˈlu:ʃən] n. 革命，旋转

replace [riˈpleis] vt. 取代，代替

[逐句超精讲]

[精讲]划线句子是主干，后面的that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution是that引导的定语从句修饰前面的pieces（文章），making the point表示“说明一个观点”,point后面是that引导的一个同位语从句，在该同位语从句中，主语是the reason，we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today是the reason的定语，该句子最后是which引导的非限定性定语从句。

[译文]Adam Davidson的文章只是众多类似文章的代表,这些文章都阐明了同一个观点：失业率一直居高不下、中产阶层收入下降的原因也是全球化以及信息技术革命的进步，而这一进步比以往更加迅速地用机器和外籍工人来代替劳动力。

Paragraph three

①In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job,could earn an average lifestyle. ②But,today,average is officially over. ③Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. ④It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. ⑤Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra—their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.

[必考词详解]

average[ˈævəridʒ] a.平均的，一般的

access[ˈækses] v.接近，到达n.途径，方式

genius[ˈdʒi:njəs] n.天才，天赋

unique[ju:ˈni:k] a.独特的，独一无的

officially [əˈfɪʃəlɪ] ad.官方地，正式地

stand out 突出

[逐句超精讲]

①In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle.

[精讲]该句是个简单句，划线句子是主干，doing an average job是插入语。

[译文]过去，掌握一般技术，从事一般性工作的人可以通过劳动过上普通的正常生活。

②But, today, average is officially over. ③Being average just won’t earn you what it used to.

[精讲]这两句都是简单句。

[译文]但如今平庸时代正式结束了。平庸无法使你过上过去那样的生活。

④It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius.

[精讲]划线句子是主干，后面是when引导的时间状语从句。

[译文]当更多的雇主有更多的途径招募到非凡的廉价外国劳动者和机器人，购买到廉价的软件，低成本地实现自动化，也可以挖掘到廉价的人才，平庸无法使你过上过去那样的生活。

⑤Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra—their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.

[精讲]划线句子是主干，破折号后面的内容是对extra的解释说明。that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment为定语从句，修饰contribution，从句中又含有whatever引导的宾语从句，是介词in的宾语。

[译文]所以，每个人都不得不找到自己额外的价值，也就是能使其在任何职业领域都突出的特有的价值贡献。

Paragraph four

①Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. ②But there’s been an acceleration. ③As Davidson notes, “ In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs—about 6 million in total—disappeared.”

[必考词详解]

acceleration [ækˌseləˈreɪʃən] n.加速，加快

shed [ʃed] vi.掉落，脱落

erase [iˈreiz] vt.擦掉，抹去

previous [ˈpri:viəs] a.先前的，以前的

roughly [ˈrʌflɪ]ʌf] ad.大约地，粗略地

manufacture [ˌmænjuˈfæktʃə] vt.制造，生产

[逐句超精讲]

①Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. ②But there’s been an acceleration.

[精讲]这两句都是简单句。

[译文]的确，新技术一直并将继续吞噬工作岗位，但是近来有加速的趋势。

③As Davidson notes, “ In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs—about 6 million in total—disappeared.”

[精讲]引号中是Davidson说的话，其中划线部分是句子主干，两句话之间有分号连接，说明他们之间是并列关系，两个破折号之间的about 6 million in total是插入语。

[译文]正如Adam Davidson所说，2000到2009的十年间美国工厂裁员速度如此之快，以至于裁减人数超过了以前70年招工人数的总和；大约三分之一的制造业岗位消失不见，失业总数高达600万。

Paragraph five

①There will always be changed—new jobs, new products, new services. ②But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.

[必考词详解]

revolution [ˌrevəˈlu:ʃən] n. 革命，旋转

for sure 确定，无疑

[逐句超精讲]

① There will always be changed—new jobs, new products, new services.

[精讲] 划线部分是句子主干，破折号后面的内容表示解释说明。

[译文]将来也一直会有改变：新工作、新产品和新服务。

②But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.

[精讲]划线部分是句子主干，the one thing是主语，后面的we know for sure是定语从句修饰其前面的thing，is是系动词，that后面引导的是表语从句。

[译文]但我们可以肯定的是，随着全球化和IT技术的进步，将来最好的工作都会对从业者提出新的要求：他们必须接受更多更好的教育使自己超越普通人。

Paragraph six

①In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post-high school education.

[必考词详解]

ensure [inˈʃuə] vt.确保，保证

has access to 有途径得到

[逐句超精讲]

[精讲]该句是but连接的两个表示转折关系的并列句，在第一个句子中where average is officially over是where引导的定语从句修饰前面的world，we need to do to support employment是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰things。第二个句子中that ensures that every American has access to post-high school education是定语从句修饰前面的some kind of G.I.Bill。

[译文]在平庸时代正式结束的社会，我们不得不采取多种措施保障就业，但最重要的莫过于通过某种《退伍军人权利法案》之类的法案，确保每个美国人在21世纪都有机会接受高中之后的教育。

【全文翻译】

Adam Davidson在其题为“成功在美国”的文章中讲述了这样一个棉花生产国的笑话，是关于现代棉织厂高度自动化的：如今一般工厂只有两名员工，“一个人和一条狗，人的职责是喂狗，狗的职责是不让人靠近机器。”

Adam Davidson的文章只是众多类似文章的代表,这些文章都阐明了同一个观点：失业率一直居高不下、中产阶层收入下降的原因也是全球化以及信息技术革命的进步，而这一进步比以往更加迅速地用机器和外籍工人来代替劳动力。

过去，掌握一般技术、从事一般性工作的人可以通过劳动过上普通的生活。但如今平庸时代正式结束了。平庸无法使你过上过去那样的生活。当更多的雇主有更多的途径招募到非凡廉价的外国劳动者，购买到廉价的机器人和软件，低成本实现自动化，也可以挖掘到廉价的人才，平庸无法使你过上过去那样的生活。所以，每个人都不得不找到自己的额外价值，也就是能使其在任何职业领域都突出的特有的价值贡献。

的确，新技术一直并将继续吞噬工作岗位，但是近来有加速的趋势。正如Adam Davidson所说，2000到2009的十年间美国工厂裁员速度如此之快，以至于裁减人数几乎到了以前70年招工人数的总和；大约三分之一的制造业岗位消失不见，失业总数高达600万。

将来也一直会有改变：新工作、新产品和新服务。但我们可以肯定的是，随着全球化和IT技术的进步，将来最好的工作都会对从业者提出新的要求：他们必须接受更多更好的教育，使自己超越普通人。

在平庸时代正式结束的社会，我们不得不采取多种措施保障就业，但最重要的莫过于通过某种《退伍军人权利法案》之类的法案，确保每个美国人在21世纪都有机会接受高中之后的教育。

【试题超精解】

21．The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate .	第一段的笑话用以证明。	选项特征分析
[A] the impact of technological advances	技术进步的影响	概括性、同义替换
[B] the alleviation of job pressure	就业压力的缓解	正反混淆
[C] the shrinkage of textile mils	纺织厂的萎缩	无中生有
[D] the decline of middle-class incomes	中产阶层收入的下降	偷换概念

[答案] [A]