第一章《英语翻译基础》真题集萃及详解
北京外国语大学
2010年英语翻译基础考研真题
Ⅰ.Translate the following terms into Chinese (15 points, 1 point each):
1.UNESCO
2.NASA
3.Diet of Japan
4.FDI
5.CCTV (not 中国中央电视台)
6.FBI
7.GM crop
8.IAEA
9.opportunity cost
10.Keynesians
11.The Tories
12.the State Department in Washington
13.the Treasury Department of the U?S.
14.protectionism
15.Balance of Payments
Ⅱ.Translate the following terms into English (15 points, 1 point each):
1.中国特色社会主义
2.科学发展观
3.全面建设小康社会
4.以人为本
5.宏观经济调控
6.自主创新能力
7.完善人民币汇率形成机制
8.中西医并重
9.突发事件应急管理机制
10.港人治港
11.构建两岸关系和平发展框架
12.知足常乐
13.水火无情
14.祸从口出
15.一蹶不振
Ⅲ.Translate the following passages into Chinese (60 points):
1.Acting recently as an expert witness in a murder trial, I became aware of a small legal problem caused by the increasingly multicultural nature of our society. According to English law, a man is guilty of murder if he kills someone with the intention either to kill or to injure seriously. But he is guilty of the lesser crime of manslaughter if he has been sufficiently provoked or if his state of mind at that time was abnormal enough to reduce his responsibility. The legal test here is a comparison with the supposed ordinary man—the man on the Clapham omnibus, as the legal Cliché has it. Would that ordinary person feel provoked under similar circumstances? Was the accused’s state of mind at the time of the killing very different from that of an average man?
2.Sparkling or still? Spring or tap? Imported or domestic? Flavored or plain? There is nothing simple about a drink of water, now that the bottled stuff outsells both milk and beer in the United States. In just a couple of decades, we’ve become a nation awash in bottled water—with tens of billions of plastic empties to prove it—transforming the Drinking Fountain on a city street into a dated curiosity akin to the public telephone booth.
How one of life’s basic necessities became a heavily marketed beverage in a plastic bottle is the subject of Elizabeth Royte’s new book Bottlemania: How Water Went on Sale and Why We Bought It. Royte, an environmental journalist based in Brooklyn, N.Y., shares the many, sometimes bizarre, unintended consequences of cracking open that plastic seal.
Ⅳ.Translate the following passage into English（60 points）：
陕西榆林红石峡
“来我们榆林，第一要看镇北台，第二要看红石峡。那红石峡都出了名了，专有摄影组上这儿拍电影哩！”在前往榆林的长途汽车上，两个当地人这么跟我们说。
既然如此，当然要去。不过，对当地人的“老王卖瓜”也做了一些思想准备。
却不料，红石峡果真是个了不得的去处！它竟然是陕西省内最大的一处摩崖石窟群。但见峡谷两侧赭红色的岩壁上惊人地布满大大小小的石刻和洞窟，一条湍急的清流则在谷底刷刷地流淌。静静往那儿一站，立刻就被中华大地那千古的历史、文化遗迹大自然的熏风吹醉了！
答案及解析
Ⅰ.
1.联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational,Scientific，and Cultural Organization）
2.美国宇航局（National Aeronautics and Space Administration）
3.日本国会
4.外商直接投资（Foreign Direct Investment）
5.闭路电视（close?circuit television）
6.美国联邦调查局(Federal Bureau of Investigation)
7.转基因作物
8.国际原子能机构（International Atomic Energy Agency）
9.机会成本
……
